Straipsnis Viešojo valdymo koncepcijos ir jų taikymas tiriant valstybės tarnybos reformas

Išvados

1.„Viešojo valdymo“ sąvoka pasižymi reikšmių ir interpretacijų įvairove. Tačiau bendriausia ir plačiausia prasme viešasis valdymas siejamas su saviorganizaciniu procesualiniu valdymo veiklų aspektu, pabrėžiant, kad viešojo valdymo procese dėmesys pirmiausia skiriamas pačiam procesui, apimančiam ir pilietinę visuomenę, o ne tik institucijoms, struktūroms ar viešojo administravimo veikėjams.

2. Gero valdymo interpretacijas išplėtojo įvairios tarptautinės organizacijos. Pasaulio banko išskirti gero valdymo sampratos aspektai (atskaitomybė, teisės viršenybė, informacijos apie valdžios veiksmus prieinamumas ir skaidrumas) tapo daugelio kitų tarptautinių organizacijų gero valdymo sąvokų pagrindu. Pastaruoju metu gero valdymo sampratose pirmiausia yra akcentuojamas dalyvavimo elementas, gerą valdymą traktuojant kaip dalyvavimu grįstą valdymą.

3. Dalyvavimu grįstas valdymas sąlygoja visuomenės ir valstybės bendradarbiavimą. Nors sudėtinga atsakyti, kas turi inicijuoti į(si)traukimo procesus ir kas turi juose dalyvauti, tačiau pabrėžiamas poreikis įdiegti tokius mechanizmus, skatinančius įsitraukti arba dalyvauti asmenis, kuriems valstybės struktūrose ir procesuose dalyvauti mažiau įprasta.

4. Pritaikyti gero valdymo ir dalyvavimu grįsto valdymo sampratas analizuojant valstybės tarnybos reformas yra sudėtinga, nes viešojo valdymo koncepcijos dažnai nusako tik pačias bendriausias valdymo ypatybes, principus ar valdymo proceso bei struktūros ypatybes. Tačiau taikyti viešojo valdymo koncepcijas įmanoma įvertinus jų suderinamumą su valstybės tarnybos lyginamųjų tyrimų rezultatais, t. y. su tomis valstybės tarnybos reformų ar raidos tendencijomis, kurias parodo lyginamieji valstybės tarnybos tyrimai. Laikytina, kad gero ir dalyvavimu grįsto valdymo sampratas bene geriausiai atitinka ir geriausiai su jomis suderinamas pradėtas plėtoti atviros valstybės tarnybos modelis.

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Public Governance Concepts and Their Use in Civil Service Reform Research

Summary. In the context of traditional public administration, there is a concept known as “good administration.” Good administration is understood primarily as a professional and ethical civil servants’ activity. However, “good administration” is more of a subject of public or administrative law, which shows an important but relatively narrow aspect of public governance. The aim of this article is to analyze the latest concepts of public governance and to evaluate their adaptability in analysis of civil service reforms. Such adaptability is relevant because the concepts of public governance reveal the most important attitudes of contemporary public administration, primarily in a normative sense. The aim of the article is met by analyzing the latest scientific literature on public governance, evaluating the place and weight of good governance and participatory governance in the concepts of public governance, and discussing the concepts of good governance developed by international organizations. After highlighting the major features and characteristics of the concepts of public governance, the article analyses their adaptability in analysis of civil service reforms.

Keywords: good administration, governance, good governance, participatory governance, open civil service.